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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
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E-cigarette vape and lung ACE2 expression: Implications for coronavirus vulnerability.

Valeria Lallai1, Letizia Manca1, Christie D Fowler1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
|April 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nicotine e-cigarette vaping increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in male lungs, potentially raising COVID-19 risk. This effect was not observed in female mice, suggesting sex-specific biological responses to vaping.

Keywords:
ACE2COVID-19E-cigaretteIndividual differencesLungNicotine

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Virology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Human studies link nicotine smoking to severe COVID-19 respiratory symptoms.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key receptor for viral entry into lung cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of e-cigarette vapor inhalation on ACE2 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression in male and female mice.
  • To explore potential mechanisms linking vaping to increased susceptibility to coronavirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Male and female mice were exposed to nicotine or vehicle e-cigarette vapor.
  • Analysis of ACE2 mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue.
  • Assessment of nAChR subunit expression (α5 and α7) in lung tissue.
  • Measurement of blood ACE2 levels.

Main Results:

  • Nicotine vapor inhalation significantly increased ACE2 mRNA and protein in male mouse lungs, but not in females.
  • Both vehicle and nicotine vapor downregulated α5 nAChR subunits in both sexes; α7 nAChR expression remained unchanged.
  • Blood ACE2 levels did not reflect changes in lung ACE2 expression.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarette vaping is directly linked to increased ACE2 expression in male lung tissue.
  • This upregulation of ACE2 may represent a mechanism for increased vulnerability to coronavirus infection in male individuals who vape nicotine.
  • Blood ACE2 levels are not a reliable indicator of lung-specific changes due to vaping.