Nasal microbiota composition dynamics after occupational change in animal farmers suggest major shifts

Previous studies have suggested a significantly higher diversity in the nasal microbiota of pig farmers compared to people having no contact with farm animals. However, the fate of this nasal microbiota specificity after farmers stop being in contact with the pig farm environment is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in the nasal microbiota of pig-farmers after the change of occupation. METHODS: Anterior and posterior nasal swabs were collected from seven people during employment on pig farms, and again after a period of at least 50 days after leaving the pig farm. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA was conducted to characterize the dynamics of the nasal microbiota. The microbiota of actively working pig farmers was compared to microbiota after they had stopped working (ex-pig-farmers) and to control groups (cow farmers and non-exposed individuals). RESULTS: Following a prolonged period without exposure to pigs, α-diversity of both anterior and posterior cavities dropped significantly. The composition of the microbiota of pig-farmers had a low inter-similarity with the non-exposed group while ex-pig-farmers were more similar to cow-farmers and the non-exposed group than to their own microbiota during pig farming.