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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Association between autonomic function and obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review.

Hasthi U Dissanayake1, Yu S Bin1, Seren Ucak1

  • 1Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.

Sleep Medicine Reviews
|April 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to hypertension and heart disease due to autonomic nervous system changes. This review found increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic activity in OSA patients, potentially explaining cardiovascular risks.

Keywords:
Autonomic functionCardiovascular riskObstructive sleep apneaParasympathetic activitySympathetic activity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is implicated in the association between OSA and cardiovascular outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and characterize the autonomic function profile in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of three electronic databases.
  • Inclusion of 71 studies assessing autonomic function in adult OSA patients (≥18 years).
  • Analysis of studies comparing OSA patients with controls or correlating OSA severity with autonomic function.

Main Results:

  • A consistent profile of altered autonomic function in OSA was identified.
  • Key findings include increased sympathetic activity and reduced parasympathetic activity.
  • Low heart rate variability was also observed, though less consistently.

Conclusions:

  • Altered autonomic function in OSA, characterized by sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal, may underlie the increased cardiovascular risk.
  • Further intervention studies are needed to confirm if treating OSA improves autonomic function and reduces cardiovascular risk.