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Proton pump inhibitor on susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Raymond Pranata1, Ian Huang1,2, Sherly Lawrensia3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia.

Pharmacological Reports : PR
|April 11, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is linked to a higher risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, including severe illness and mortality. However, PPIs do not appear to increase susceptibility to contracting COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Epidemiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with adverse effects like pneumonia and mortality.
  • Growing interest exists regarding PPIs' impact on COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine if PPI administration increases susceptibility to COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Embase, EBSCOhost, EuropePMC) up to December 3, 2020.
  • Meta-analysis of 12 studies involving 290,455 patients.
  • Defined composite poor outcome as mortality or severe COVID-19 (requiring ICU care or mechanical ventilation).

Main Results:

  • PPI use was significantly associated with an increased composite poor outcome (OR 1.85 [1.13, 3.03]).
  • Meta-regression showed no significant variation in this association based on age, sex, or common comorbidities.
  • No significant association was found between PPI use and susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR 1.56 [0.48, 5.05]).

Conclusions:

  • Proton pump inhibitor use may be associated with a higher risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19.
  • This meta-analysis did not find evidence that PPIs increase susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
Abstract

Keywords:
CoronavirusGastrointestinalInfection rateProton pump inhibitorSeveritySusceptibility

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