Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 9, 2025
Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
Published on: February 9, 2016
Ventricular myocardial response to exercise in patients with Fontan circulation
Shoko Yamazaki1, Yohei Akazawa2,3, Haruka Obinata4
1Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
Background:
Exercise stress echocardiography has been used to assess myocardial reserve in various heart diseases. This study examined the ventricular myocardial response to exercise in Fontan patients using exercise stress echocardiography.
Methods:
Twenty-five Fontan patients and 19 control subjects underwent semi-supine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography in this prospective, single-center, cross-sectional study. Pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging peak systolic (s') and diastolic (e') velocities, longitudinal strain and systolic strain rate, and early diastolic strain rate data at rest and at peak exercise were obtained for the systemic ventricle. The myocardial reserve of functional parameters was calculated as the difference between peak exercise and rest.
Results:
Inter- and intra-observer reliability were both high for exercise stress echocardiography measurements. Compared with controls, Fontan patients had significantly lower s', e', longitudinal systolic strain and strain rate, and early diastolic longitudinal strain rate at rest and at peak exercise as well as reduced myocardial reserve.
Conclusions:
Fontan patients have markedly reduced myocardial reserve during exercise. The use of exercise stress echocardiography assessment may improve the clinical management of Fontan patients.
More Related Videos
06:29Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
Published on: May 2, 2025
07:09Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
Published on: February 20, 2017
Related Concept Videos
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:17Exercise and Cardiac Output
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
01:19Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
01:22Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
01:26Imbalances in Cardiac Output
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
01:11Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...