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Porcine ear necrosis.

Mateusz Malik1, Koen Chiers2, Filip Boyen2

  • 1Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|April 12, 2021
PubMed
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Porcine ear necrosis (PEN) in piglets is linked to bacterial toxins, vascular issues, or biting. Management, hygiene, and nutrition are key to prevention and control.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Swine Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Porcine ear necrosis (PEN) is a common ailment in intensive pig farming, primarily affecting weaned piglets.
  • The condition presents as ear lesions that can lead to partial or complete ear loss.
  • The exact causes and development (pathogenesis) of PEN remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current hypotheses on the etiology and pathogenesis of PEN.
  • To identify potential risk factors associated with PEN development.
  • To outline current and recommended control and prevention strategies for PEN.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on porcine ear necrosis.
  • Analysis of proposed etiological hypotheses including bacterial toxins, vascular occlusion, and trauma.
Keywords:
AnimalsDetoxifierEar necrosisMycotoxinsPigs

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  • Examination of suggested risk factors and preventive measures.

    • Main Results:

    • Three primary hypotheses for PEN pathogenesis are discussed: Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins, blood vessel occlusion, and ear biting with secondary infections.
    • Potential risk factors include viral/bacterial infections, environmental conditions, housing, and management practices.
    • Antimicrobial treatment is effective for severe cases, while prevention focuses on herd immunity, hygiene, feed quality, and environmental management.

    Conclusions:

    • PEN likely results from a multifactorial etiology, possibly involving a combination of factors.
    • Further research is crucial to elucidate the precise causes and pathogenesis of PEN.
    • Targeted control strategies require a comprehensive understanding of risk factors and improved management practices.