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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Obesity Primer for the Practicing Gastroenterologist.

Pichamol Jirapinyo^1,2, Christopher C Thompson^1,2

¹Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

|April 12, 2021

Summary

Gastroenterologists play a key role in managing the obesity pandemic, addressing associated gastrointestinal issues and bariatric surgery complications. This article offers practical tools for obesity assessment and patient management.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Obesity Medicine
Bariatric Surgery

Background:

The global obesity pandemic presents increasing challenges for gastroenterologists.
Obesity is linked to various gastrointestinal conditions and involves complex gut hormone interactions.
Growing rates of bariatric surgery necessitate expertise in post-surgical management.

Purpose of the Study:

To equip general gastroenterologists with essential clinical tools for obesity assessment.
To guide gastroenterologists in managing patients with obesity and its gastrointestinal manifestations.
To provide information on managing complications following bariatric surgery.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on obesity, gastroenterology, and bariatric surgery.
Synthesis of clinical guidelines and expert recommendations.
Development of practical assessment and management strategies.

Main Results:

Identification of key associations between obesity and gastrointestinal diseases.
Explanation of the role of gut hormones in obesity pathophysiology.
Outline of essential knowledge regarding post-bariatric surgery anatomy and complications.

Conclusions:

Gastroenterologists are crucial in addressing the obesity epidemic.
Practical tools and knowledge are provided for effective obesity management in gastroenterology practice.
Understanding bariatric surgery and its complications is vital for gastroenterologists.