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Related Experiment Video

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
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Host-Directed Therapies for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Fernanda O Novais1, Camila Farias Amorim2, Phillip Scott2

  • 1Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Host-directed therapies, using anti-inflammatory drugs, show promise for treating severe cutaneous leishmaniasis when antiparasitics fail. Tailored treatments are key for this complex parasitic skin disease.

Keywords:
cutaneous leishmaniasiscytokineshost-directed therapiesimmunopathologyskin immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis presents diverse clinical forms, from mild to severe chronic disease.
  • Antiparasitic drugs are often insufficient for severe leishmaniasis, where inflammation, not just parasite load, drives disease severity.
  • Host-directed therapies (HDTs) present a novel strategy to manage severe cases by modulating the host's immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of host-directed therapies as a treatment strategy for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
  • To highlight the availability of existing anti-inflammatory drugs for repurposing in leishmaniasis treatment.
  • To emphasize the need for tailored HDTs based on leishmaniasis clinical and etiological diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cutaneous leishmaniasis pathogenesis and treatment.
  • Analysis of the role of inflammatory responses in disease severity.
  • Evaluation of the potential application of anti-inflammatory drugs as host-directed therapies.

Main Results:

  • Severe cutaneous leishmaniasis can be driven by uncontrolled inflammation, suggesting host-directed approaches are viable.
  • Numerous anti-inflammatory drugs with established safety profiles exist and could be repurposed.
  • The heterogeneity of leishmaniasis necessitates personalized HDT strategies for optimal efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Host-directed therapies represent a promising addition to the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, particularly severe forms.
  • Repurposing existing anti-inflammatory drugs offers a practical avenue for developing new treatment protocols.
  • Personalized approaches are crucial for effectively modulating leishmaniasis severity using host-directed strategies.