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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

2.7K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
2.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Published on: May 5, 2023

838

Extensor mechanism failure in total knee arthroplasty.

Jimmy Ng1, Pau Balcells-Nolla1, Peter J James1

  • 1Nottingham Elective Orthopaedic Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.

EFORT Open Reviews
|April 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Extensor mechanism failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) requires prompt treatment. Operative intervention is recommended for disrupted function, with augmentation for acute ruptures and reconstruction for chronic cases.

Keywords:
patella fracture in total knee arthroplastypatella tendon rupture in total knee arthroplastyquadriceps tendon rupture in total knee arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Extensor mechanism failure in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) encompasses quadriceps tendon rupture, patella fracture, and patella tendon rupture.
  • Risk factors include component malrotation, elevated joint line, and prior lateral release.
  • Conservative treatment is viable for partial ruptures or undisplaced fractures with preserved function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management strategies for extensor mechanism failure following TKA.
  • To delineate indications for conservative versus operative treatment.
  • To discuss repair and reconstruction techniques for tendon ruptures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of extensor mechanism failure in TKA.
  • Analysis of risk factors and clinical presentations.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for conservative, operative repair, and reconstruction methods.

Main Results:

  • Operative treatment is indicated for TKA extensor mechanism failure with functional disruption, to prevent poor outcomes and extensor lag.
  • Acute patella or quadriceps tendon ruptures benefit from augmented repair due to high re-rupture risk.
  • Chronic ruptures necessitate reconstruction using autograft, allograft, or synthetic materials due to high repair failure rates.

Conclusions:

  • Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for successful outcomes in TKA extensor mechanism failure.
  • Augmented repair for acute ruptures and reconstruction for chronic ruptures are essential to restore function.
  • Understanding risk factors aids in preventing these debilitating complications.