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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
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CRISPR/Cas: A powerful tool for gene function study and crop improvement.

Dangquan Zhang1, Zhiyong Zhang2, Turgay Unver3

  • 1Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-Added Products, College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.

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|April 12, 2021
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Summary

CRISPR/Cas gene editing revolutionizes crop science, enabling precise gene function studies and enhancing traits like yield and stress tolerance. Future research focuses on improving delivery systems and minimizing off-target effects for advanced crop improvement.

Keywords:
CRISPRCasCrop improvementGene functionGenome editingPAM

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Precise gene control is crucial for studying gene function and improving crop traits.
  • The CRISPR/Cas system, a natural gene editing tool, has ushered in a new era for crop breeding and functional genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review details the history, mechanism, and applications of the CRISPR/Cas system in crop improvement.
  • It highlights CRISPR/Cas genome editing as a mature biotechnological tool for enhancing various crop traits.

Main Methods:

  • The review discusses the CRISPR/Cas9 system's ability to target DNA/RNA sequences for gene editing (knockin, knockout, replacement) and gene expression regulation.
  • It covers gene delivery methods, including the established Agrobacterium-mediated method and emerging virus-mediated approaches.
  • The role of Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) in targeting and limitations is explained.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/Cas genome editing is extensively applied to improve pathogen resistance, abiotic tolerance, plant development, and secondary metabolism in crops.
  • New Cas proteins and modified enzymes are key to advancing CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing.
  • Delivery systems and methods to eliminate off-target effects are critical for successful crop improvement.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas technology offers powerful capabilities for precision crop breeding and functional gene studies.
  • Continued development of CRISPR/Cas systems, delivery methods, and understanding of gene regulation will drive future crop improvement.
  • Addressing challenges like off-target effects and identifying master regulatory genes are future research priorities.