Difference in lesion formation by male and female Pratylenchus penetrans

Pratylenchus penetrans induce necrotic lesions, the hallmark symptom for the genus, soon after infection. The objective of our study was to characterize and quantify gender differences in lesion development. Independent experiments were conducted in vitro for three hosts; pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Early Alaskan), dill (Anethum graveolens cv. Long Island Mammoth), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Vernal). Each experimental unit was an excised radical placed on water agar in a Petri dish and inoculated with either 40 adult males or 40 fourth-stage juvenile females. Length, size, and number of lesions were recorded during the experiment and the radicals were harvested 14 days after introducing nematodes. Lesions were first observed on pea after two days for female-inoculated roots, and 24 hr after introducing both genders to dill and alfalfa. Lesions expanded either by multiple lesions coalescing or individual lesions expanding over time. Males made fewer, smaller lesions with less discoloration for all three hosts. There was no difference among genders for the total number of nematodes recovered per Petri dish or the number of endoparasitic nematodes after 14 days. The survival rate of males and females at harvest was not different, indicating that the difference in lesion formation was not related to nematode population densities. This study verified and quantified the observation that lesions induced by males are less extensive and in smaller numbers than lesions by females.