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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Electrodes: Overview01:17

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 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in...
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Visual cortical prosthesis: an electrical perspective.

Léo Pio-Lopez1, Romanos Poulkouras2,3, Damien Depannemaecker4

  • 1Independent Researcher, Marseille, France.

Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology
|April 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrical stimulation of the visual cortex offers hope for restoring vision in blind individuals. This review examines electrode-based visual prosthetics, focusing on electrical stimulation challenges and phosphene perception for future implantable devices.

Keywords:
Visual cortical prosthesisbrain–machine interfaceelectrical stimulationphospheneprosthetic vision

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Electrical stimulation of visual cortices shows promise for restoring vision in blind individuals.
  • Current visual cortical prosthetics have limitations, but recent technological advances have renewed interest.
  • Significant scientific and technical challenges remain for achieving therapeutic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review electrode-based visual cortical prosthetics from an electrical stimulation perspective.
  • To analyze the electrode-tissue interface, stimulation safety, and psychophysics of prosthetic vision.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions for implantable cortical visual prostheses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of electrode-based visual cortical prosthetics.
  • Analysis of electrical stimulation parameters and their effects.
  • Examination of the relationship between stimulation and phosphene perception.
  • Discussion of electrode array design and safety.

Main Results:

  • The electrode-tissue interface and electrical stimulation safety are critical factors.
  • Phosphene perception is closely linked to the electrical stimulation of the visual cortex.
  • Current prostheses do not provide full working vision, highlighting areas for improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in wireless technology and electrode design are crucial for next-generation visual prostheses.
  • Overcoming challenges in electrical stimulation and electrode-tissue interaction is key to restoring functional vision.
  • Further research is needed to optimize visual cortical stimulation for therapeutic applications.