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Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in children: A practical perspective

Grace Egan1, Yogi Chopra1, Stephanie Mourad2

  • 1Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer
|April 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Recent advances in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, including targeted therapies and improved stem cell transplantation, are enhancing outcomes for high-risk cases. This review highlights key developments poised to reshape pediatric AML care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease with varied outcomes.
  • While low-risk AML survival has improved, high-risk AML prognosis remains challenging.
  • Advances in diagnostics and supportive care have positively impacted pediatric AML outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent therapeutic advancements in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • To discuss the clinical impact of novel treatments and evolving care standards for pediatric AML.
  • To highlight promising targeted therapies and expanded stem cell transplantation options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies and clinical trials in pediatric AML.
  • Analysis of molecular diagnostics and risk stratification advancements.
  • Evaluation of new hematopoietic stem cell transplantation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for FLT3-ITD mutations, show promise.
  • Novel hematopoietic stem cell transplantation approaches, including haploidentical donors, broaden treatment options.
  • Integrated strategies in diagnostics, risk stratification, and supportive care are improving overall outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Recent therapeutic innovations are significantly improving pediatric AML treatment.
  • Targeted therapies and advanced transplantation methods offer new hope for high-risk pediatric AML.
  • These advancements are expected to redefine the standard of care for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

Keywords:
HSCTacute myeloid leukemiachildhood AMLpediatric AML

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