Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.0K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.0K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.9K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.9K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.3K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.3K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

31.9K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
31.9K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.4K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.4K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.9K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
14.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

sc-rDSeq: Droplet-based single-cell full-length total RNA-seq method.

Biology methods & protocols·2026
Same author

sc-rDSeq: a robust and cost-effective full-length total RNA sequencing method for single cells reveals multilayered heterogeneity in drug-resistant lung cancer cells.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Bimodal specificity of TF-DNA recognition in embryonic stem cells.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same author

Particle uptake in cancer cells can predict malignancy and drug resistance using machine learning.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Amorphous calcium carbonate enhances osteogenic differentiation and myotube formation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and primary skeletal muscle cells under microgravity conditions.

Life sciences in space research·2024
Same author

The killifish germline regulates longevity and somatic repair in a sex-specific manner.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

9.9K

DNA methylation patterns expose variations in enhancer-chromatin modifications during embryonic stem cell

Adi Alajem1, Hava Roth1, Sofia Ratgauzer1

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Plos Genetics
|April 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cellular differentiation involves changes in DNA methylation at enhancers. Enhancer methylation heterogeneity correlates with gene expression, revealing insights into biological system regulation.

More Related Videos

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

8.3K
An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
11:53

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C

Published on: June 1, 2018

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

9.9K
Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

8.3K
An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
11:53

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C

Published on: June 1, 2018

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Mammalian Cellular Biology
  • Genomic Regulation

Background:

  • Cellular identity in mammals relies on precise control of chromatin modifications and DNA methylation.
  • While CpG methylation typically suppresses gene expression, the role of enhancer-specific methylation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the patterns and implications of enhancer-specific DNA methylation during cellular differentiation.
  • To understand the relationship between enhancer methylation states and gene expression heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sequential ChIP-bisulfite sequencing to analyze H3K4me1 and H3K27ac histone marks in the same genomic regions.
  • Integrated enhancer methylation data with single-cell RNA sequencing profiles.

Main Results:

  • Observed a global increase in CpG methylation within H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation.
  • Identified differential methylation between H3K4me1 and H3K27ac marked enhancers, indicating cellular heterogeneity.
  • Found that enhancer methylation heterogeneity correlates with both gene expression and transcription start site methylation.

Conclusions:

  • Enhancer methylation patterns contribute to cellular heterogeneity and functional variation during differentiation.
  • The interplay between enhancer methylation and histone marks provides insights into regulatory mechanisms in complex biological systems.