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Skilled swimmers maintain performance stability under changing attentional focus constraints.

Michael A Maloney1, Adam D Gorman2

  • 1Performance Services, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia.

Human Movement Science
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Skilled swimmers showed better movement organization with external attention focus, though immediate task outcomes like dive start performance remained unchanged. This suggests external focus aids control but not necessarily immediate results.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • External attentional focus generally enhances performance by preventing self-organization interference.
  • Highly skilled individuals may differ in attentional focus benefits due to adaptability.
  • A gap exists in understanding attentional focus effects on elite athletes' motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare skilled swimmers' performance under internal versus external attentional focus.
  • To investigate the impact of attentional focus on the self-organization of movement in elite athletes.
  • To determine if attentional focus influences kinematic and kinetic variables in the swimming dive start.

Main Methods:

  • Counterbalanced repeated measures design with skilled swimmers.
  • Performance evaluation under internal and external attentional focus conditions.
  • Collection and analysis of kinetic and kinematic data during dive starts.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in outcome performance metrics (peak power, velocity, time to 5m).
  • Movement events occurred earlier in the sequence under external focus, indicating improved self-organization.
  • External focus demonstrated a potential benefit for movement control organization.

Conclusions:

  • External attentional focus may enhance movement organization in skilled swimmers.
  • Immediate task outcome performance was not significantly impacted by attentional focus.
  • Further research is needed to explore the nuanced effects of attentional focus on elite athletic performance.