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Validity of the 24-hour recall method in infancy: the Leiden Pre-School Children Study
C H Horst1, G L Obermann-De Boer, D Kromhout
1Institute of Social Medicine, University of Leiden, the Netherlands.
Insights
The 24-hour recall method for assessing infant nutrient intake showed good relative agreement but systematically overestimated energy and nutrient values compared to chemical analysis. This highlights potential biases in dietary assessment for young children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Dietary Assessment Methods
- Nutritional Epidemiology
Background:
- Accurate dietary assessment is crucial for understanding child nutrition.
- The 24-hour recall is a common method for collecting dietary data in children.
- Validation studies are essential to ensure the reliability of dietary intake data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To validate the 24-hour recall method for assessing energy and nutrient intake in infants.
- To assess the accuracy of the Dutch food table supplemented with baby food data.
- To compare the 24-hour recall with the duplicate portion technique.
Main Methods:
- The Leiden Pre-School Children Study utilized the 24-hour recall method.
- A validation study compared calculated intake with chemical analysis of food composites.
- The 24-hour recall was further validated against the duplicate portion technique in infants.
Main Results:
- The Dutch food table showed less than 5% difference for most nutrients compared to chemical analysis, except calcium and phosphorus.
- Energy and nutrient intake from 24-hour recalls were significantly higher than from duplicate portions for sodium and iron.
- Relative agreement between the 24-hour recall and duplicate portion technique was good.
Conclusions:
- The 24-hour recall method demonstrates good relative validity for infant dietary assessment.
- A systematic overestimation of energy and nutrient intake exists when using the 24-hour recall method in infants.
- Findings suggest potential biases in dietary recall data for this age group.
Abstract:
In the Leiden Pre-School Children Study the 24-hour recall method was used to determine the energy and nutrient intake of children from four to 28 months. A validation study was carried out in order to get insight into the validity of the collected dietary data. In the first part of the study the validity of the Dutch food table, supplemented with data on commercial babyfoods, was tested. The calculated average energy and nutrient intake of 111 six-month-old non-breastfed infants was compared with the results of chemical analysis of an equivalent composite corresponding with the average food intake of these children. With the exception of calcium and phosphorus the difference between the calculated and analysed values was less than 5%. Secondly the 24-hour recall was validated against the duplicate portion technique among 41 six-month-old non-breastfed infants. With the exception of sodium and iron, energy and nutrient intake data calculated from the 24-hour recall were significantly higher than those obtained after chemical analysis of the duplicate portions. However, on a relative level the results of the 24-hour recall and the duplicate portion technique corresponded very well. These results suggest that for infants a systematic difference exists between both methods.