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Relating Competitive Golfers' Perceived Emotions and Performance.

Erik Lundkvist1, Henrik Gustafsson2, Gunilla Björklund3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

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|April 13, 2021
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Summary
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Golfer emotions and coping strategies are reactions to previous hole performance. Higher player skill levels lead to better scores and reduced negative emotion impact during golf competition.

Keywords:
golf competitionnegative affectperceived controlperformance under pressuretask-oriented coping

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Psychology
  • Performance Psychology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay between psychological factors and athletic performance is crucial for optimizing outcomes.
  • Golfers' emotional states, coping mechanisms, and perceived control may significantly influence their performance during competition.
  • Previous research has explored these relationships, but a dynamic, hole-by-hole analysis in an ecologically valid setting is less common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the real-time relationships between golfers' emotions, task-oriented coping, perceived control, and performance within a competitive round.
  • To differentiate between within-person (dynamic) and between-person (trait-level) influences on performance.
  • To examine the moderating role of player skill level on the emotion-performance relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A process-oriented golf analysis was employed, collecting data hole-by-hole during a competitive round.
  • Participants self-reported on emotions (irritability, nervousness, tension), task-oriented coping, and perceived control.
  • A two-level Bayesian multivariate autoregressive model was utilized to analyze the complex relationships.

Main Results:

  • Within individuals, negative emotions and task-oriented coping were found to be reactions to performance on the preceding hole.
  • Between individuals, higher player skill levels were associated with better golf scores.
  • Player skill level also predicted a greater ability to mitigate the impact of negative affect on performance.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between emotions and performance in golf is dynamic and reciprocal, influenced by both immediate performance feedback and individual skill.
  • Psychological interventions aimed at optimizing performance should consider the temporal dynamics of emotions and coping, as well as individual differences in skill.
  • Future research should continue to employ ecologically valid designs to further elucidate these complex interactions and potential moderating factors.