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Angiosperm pollinivory in a Cretaceous beetle.

Erik Tihelka1,2, Liqin Li1, Yanzhe Fu1

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Fossil flower beetles from mid-Cretaceous amber provide direct evidence of pollen-feeding and pollination of early angiosperms. This discovery highlights the ancient role of beetles in plant reproduction during the Mesozoic era.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Flower-visiting insects are vital for modern ecosystems, but fossil evidence for early angiosperm pollination is scarce.
  • Previous Mesozoic pollination studies relied on co-occurrence and assumed adaptations, lacking direct proof.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct fossil evidence of pollination mechanisms involving early angiosperms.
  • To identify specific pollinators and the types of angiosperms they interacted with during the Cretaceous period.

Main Methods:

  • Description of an exceptionally preserved fossil beetle, Pelretes vivificus gen. et sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous amber.
  • Analysis of associated pollen aggregations and coprolites to determine diet and pollination activity.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence of pollen-feeding in a Cretaceous beetle (Kateretidae) is presented.
  • The fossil is associated with Tricolpopollenites pollen, indicating pollination of derived angiosperms (Asteridae or Rosidae).

Conclusions:

  • Diverse beetle lineages visited early angiosperms by the mid-Cretaceous.
  • This finding confirms the significant role of beetles in angiosperm pollination during the Mesozoic era.