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Drought: Sensing, signalling, effects and tolerance in higher plants
Mohammad Mukarram1,2, Sadaf Choudhary1, Daniel Kurjak2
1Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Physiologia Plantarum
|April 13, 2021
Summary
Plants endure drought stress through various defense mechanisms, including osmotic and ion regulation. This review examines how plants perceive and signal drought, focusing on abscisic acid pathways and physiological responses.
Area of Science:
- Plant Physiology
- Stress Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Drought induces osmotic and ionic imbalances, threatening plant survival and productivity.
- Water deficit significantly impacts plant growth, development, and physiological processes.
- Plants possess diverse defense mechanisms to mitigate drought stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review drought perception and signaling pathways in plants, particularly those mediated by abscisic acid.
- To evaluate the effects of drought on photosynthesis, gas exchange, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- To explore the morpho-physiological mechanisms plants employ to counteract drought-induced damage.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of drought stress physiology in plants.
- Analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways.
- Examination of plant responses including stomatal and osmotic adjustments, and antioxidant metabolism.
Main Results:
- Drought triggers complex signaling cascades, often involving abscisic acid.
- Photosynthesis and gas exchange are negatively impacted by water deficit, leading to increased ROS production.
- Plants activate various morpho-physiological mechanisms to cope with and reverse drought effects.
Conclusions:
- Abscisic acid plays a crucial role in plant drought perception and signaling.
- Understanding plant defense mechanisms is key to improving crop resilience to drought.
- Morpho-physiological adaptations are vital for plant survival under water-scarce conditions.
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