Two processing stages of the SNARC effect
Weizhi Nan1, Lizhu Yan1, Guochun Yang2,3
1Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Psychological Research
|April 13, 2021
Summary
The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect arises from both number meaning and response selection. This indicates the SNARC effect has dual origins, impacting cognitive processing stages.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect links number magnitude to spatial response location.
- The specific cognitive stage (semantic representation vs. response selection) where the SNARC effect originates remains debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the processing stage(s) underlying the SNARC effect.
- To investigate potential interactions between the SNARC effect and other cognitive processes.
Main Methods:
- A modified magnitude comparison task was employed to simultaneously induce SNARC, Stroop (semantic), and Simon (response selection) effects.
- Additive factor logic was used to analyze interactions between these effects, inferring shared or distinct processing stages.
Main Results:
- The SNARC effect demonstrated significant interactions with both the Stroop effect and the Simon effect.
- These interactions suggest the SNARC effect is not confined to a single processing stage.
Conclusions:
- The SNARC effect appears to originate from both the semantic representation of numbers and the response selection process.
- Evidence suggests the SNARC effect may have two distinct sources contributing to its manifestation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:15SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry
9.5K
This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
9.5K
02:27SN2 Reaction: Mechanism
15.7K
The kinetic studies of SN2 reactions suggest an essential feature of its mechanism: it is a single-step process without intermediates. Here, both the nucleophile and the substrate participate in the rate-determining step.
The presence of the more electronegative halogen in the substrate creates a polarized carbon-halide bond. The halide pulls the electron cloud generating an electrophilic center at the carbon atom. Thus, the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge while the halide has a...
The presence of the more electronegative halogen in the substrate creates a polarized carbon-halide bond. The halide pulls the electron cloud generating an electrophilic center at the carbon atom. Thus, the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge while the halide has a...
15.7K
01:28Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior
94
Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
94
02:23SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry
10.6K
In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As the nucleophile approaches the substrate from the back-side, the configuration of the substrate carbon changes from tetrahedral to trigonal bipyramidal and then back to tetrahedral, leading to an inversion in the configuration of the product.
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not...
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not...
10.6K
02:25SN1 Reaction: Mechanism
13.1K
Kinetic studies of ionization of a tertiary halide in a protic solvent suggest that only the substrate participates in the rate-determining step (slow step). The nucleophile is involved only after the slowest step. The SN1 reaction takes place in a multiple-step mechanism.
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
13.1K
01:30Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)
4.3K
Nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds is feasible in substrates bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents positioned ortho or para to the leaving group. The reaction proceeds via two steps: the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of the leaving group.
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between...
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between...
4.3K