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Non-shoulder Injuries in Swimming: A Systematic Review.

Lee Hill^1,2, Margo Mountjoy^3,4, Jim Miller³

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine

|April 14, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Swimmers experience frequent injuries, especially shoulder, knee, and spine issues. This review found most identified risk factors for these injuries lack strong evidence, highlighting a need for more research.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Swimming is a popular sport with a high incidence of overuse injuries.
The shoulder is the most frequently injured area in swimmers, followed by the knee and spine.
Repetitive training motions in swimming can lead to various musculoskeletal pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and critically evaluate the evidence and certainty of identified risk factors for swimming-related injuries.
To assess the quality of research on risk factors beyond shoulder injuries in swimmers.

Main Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 1980 and December 2019.
Included Level I, II, and III studies focusing on swimmers, specific pathologies, and statistically significant risk factors (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

Nineteen articles identified 28 potential risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in swimmers, categorized by anatomical region (neck/back, pelvis/hip, knee).
Only two risk factors, both related to knee injuries, were appraised at a moderate level of certainty.
The remaining 26 risk factors demonstrated a low level of evidence and certainty.

Conclusions:

Most identified risk factors for swimming-related injuries lack robust scientific evidence.
There is a significant gap in research concerning non-shoulder injuries in swimmers.
Further high-quality studies are needed to establish definitive risk factors and inform injury prevention strategies.