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Thyroid Dysfunction in Ménière's Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Gloria Hwang1, Robert Saadi2, Vijay A Patel2
1College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Summary
Ménière
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Investigates the proposed link between Ménière's disease (MD) and thyroid disorders, considering autoimmune factors and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations.
- Explores hypotheses suggesting metabolic disturbances from fluctuating thyroid hormone levels as a potential contributor to MD development.
Approach:
- Systematic review of 171 abstracts, with 8 studies selected for final analysis based on inclusion/exclusion criteria.
- Meta-analysis was not feasible due to significant heterogeneity in clinical data across the selected studies.
Key Points:
- Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and hypothyroidism in MD patients varied widely (1-38%), impacted by diagnostic criteria standardization issues.
- Studies on thyroid-specific antibodies and HLA types yielded inconclusive results regarding a direct link to MD.
- Hypothyroidism was noted as a potential factor in MD etiology, though often confounded by thyroxine treatment.
Conclusions:
- While a correlation between thyroid disorders and MD exists in literature, a definitive causal relationship remains unproven.
- Current research often emphasizes autoimmunity, but dysregulated thyroid hormone levels may also play a role in the MD-thyroid disorder association.
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