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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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[Bempedoic Acid].

Michael Wagner, Julian Leefmann, Stephan R Künzel

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |April 14, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Bempedoic acid inhibits ATP-Citrate-Lyase, a key enzyme in cholesterol production. This novel approach offers effective cholesterol reduction without muscle side effects, enhancing lipid-lowering therapies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Pharmacology
    • Cardiovascular Medicine

    Background:

    • Cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by multiple enzymes.
    • ATP-Citrate-Lyase (ACL) plays a crucial role in hepatic cholesterol production.
    • Current lipid-lowering therapies can have associated muscle-related adverse effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce bempedoic acid, a novel inhibitor of ATP-Citrate-Lyase.
    • To discuss the pharmacological properties of bempedoic acid.
    • To explore the potential of bempedoic acid in cholesterol-lowering therapy.

    Main Methods:

    • Pre-clinical and clinical data on bempedoic acid were reviewed.
    • The mechanism of action of bempedoic acid as an ACL inhibitor was analyzed.
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties were assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Bempedoic acid effectively inhibits ATP-Citrate-Lyase in the liver.
    • This inhibition leads to reduced cholesterol synthesis.
    • Clinical studies indicate a favorable safety profile, particularly regarding muscle-related side effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Bempedoic acid represents a new class of lipid-lowering agents.
    • Liver-specific ACL inhibition offers a promising strategy for managing hypercholesterolemia.
    • Bempedoic acid may provide an effective option for patients requiring intensified cholesterol-lowering treatment, especially those with statin intolerance.