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Mycoplasma pneumoniae Genotypes and Clinical Outcome in Children

Patrick M Meyer Sauteur1, Elena Pánisová1, Michelle Seiler2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|April 15, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes do not appear to determine specific clinical outcomes in infections. This study found no direct link between M. pneumoniae strains and diseases like pneumonia or mucocutaneous conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections present with diverse clinical manifestations, but the underlying factors remain unclear.
  • Understanding the relationship between M. pneumoniae genotypes and clinical outcomes is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes and specific clinical outcomes in infected children.
  • To compare M. pneumoniae loads and genotypes across different clinical presentations, including mucocutaneous disease, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI).

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of M. pneumoniae using macrolide resistance determination, P1 subtyping, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
  • Comparison of M. pneumoniae loads and genotypes between patients with mucocutaneous disease and other groups (pneumonia, URTI, carriers).
  • Statistical analysis using pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher exact test with corrections for multiple testing.

Main Results:

  • M. pneumoniae loads did not significantly differ between mucocutaneous disease patients, pneumonia patients, or carriers.
  • Macrolide resistance was rare (1.9%) in patients with mucocutaneous disease.
  • MLVA types correlated with P1 subtypes and MLST types but were not associated with specific clinical outcomes. However, MLVA types in mucocutaneous disease patients showed a significant difference between 2016-2017 and 2017-2020 (P=0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes may not be the primary determinant of specific clinical outcomes observed in infections.
  • While MLVA types showed temporal variation in mucocutaneous disease cases, overall genotype did not correlate with disease presentation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the factors contributing to the varied clinical spectrum of M. pneumoniae infections.
Keywords:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM)antimicrobial resistance (AMR)community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA)whole-genome sequencing (WGS)

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