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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

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Morphological Classification of the Medial Frontal Cortex Based on Cadaver Dissections: A Guide for Interhemispheric

Yasutaka Imada1, Toru Takumi2,3, Hirohiko Aoyama4,5

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Yamada Memorial Hospital.

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica
|April 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The medial frontal cortex (MFC) serves as a crucial landmark in surgical approaches. Understanding its gyral patterns aids in safely navigating the anterior communicating artery (Aco) complex during interhemispheric dissections.

Keywords:
basal interhemispheric approachcingulate gyrusinterhemispheric approachinterhemispheric fissuremedial frontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The medial frontal cortex (MFC) is integral to the medial frontal lobe, adjacent to the corpus callosum (CC).
  • During interhemispheric approaches (IHA), the MFC obscures the anterior communicating artery (Aco) complex until late dissection stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the anatomical relationship between the MFC and the Aco complex.
  • To enhance intraoperative orientation during IHA by analyzing MFC morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological analysis of MFC gyri (number, size, pattern) from the subcallosal medial hemisphere surface.
  • Study conducted on 53 adult cadaveric hemispheres.

Main Results:

  • The mean width of the MFC excluding the cingulate gyrus (MFCexcg) was 20.6 mm.
  • MFCexcg typically comprised 2 (7.5%), 3 (56.6%), 4 (32.1%), or 5 (3.8%) gyri.
  • Over 85% of hemispheres exhibited bilateral MFCexcg with more than 2 gyri.

Conclusions:

  • Dissection 2 cm superior to the straight gyrus (SG) or involving 3-4 MFC gyri is often adequate for accessing the cisterna laminae terminalis.
  • The MFC is a valuable anatomical landmark for intraoperative guidance in IHA.