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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Bacteria-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.

Xuehui Huang1, Jingmei Pan1, Funeng Xu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 15, 2021
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Summary

Bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy leverages bacteria to target tumors and activate anti-tumor immunity. Advances in synthetic biology and nanomaterials enhance therapeutic potential, offering new treatment paradigms.

Keywords:
bacteriabacterial componentsengineered bacteriaimmunotherapynanomaterial

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Area of Science:

  • * Oncology
  • * Immunology
  • * Microbiology

Background:

  • * Bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field, recognized for its unique mechanisms in stimulating host anti-tumor immune responses.
  • * Bacteria possess inherent tumor-targeting capabilities, preferentially colonizing tumor sites and activating immune cells within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review recent progress in bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy.
  • * To highlight applications of naive bacteria, engineered bacteria, and bacterial components in cancer treatment.
  • * To discuss future research directions in this domain.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy.
  • * Analysis of advancements in synthetic biology and nanotechnology applications.
  • * Focus on immune cell activation and tumor elimination strategies.

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated efficacy of bacteria in targeting tumors and enhancing immune recognition.
  • * Exploration of engineered bacteria for targeted delivery of immunotherapeutic agents.
  • * Integration of nanomaterials with bacteria for multifunctional cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • * Bacteria-based strategies offer promising avenues for cancer immunotherapy.
  • * Engineered bacteria and bacterial components represent innovative therapeutic paradigms.
  • * Continued research integrating synthetic biology and nanotechnology will drive future advancements.