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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: May 27, 2022
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside
Mina K Chung1,2,3, David A Zidar3,4, Michael R Bristow5
1Cleveland Clinic (M.K.C., S.J.C., T.C., D.H.K., T.S., J.B.), OH.
None:
A pandemic of historic impact, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has potential consequences on the cardiovascular health of millions of people who survive infection worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of COVID-19, can infect the heart, vascular tissues, and circulating cells through ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the host cell receptor for the viral spike protein. Acute cardiac injury is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 with potential chronic consequences. This update provides a review of the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular involvement, potential direct SARS-CoV-2 and indirect immune response mechanisms impacting the cardiovascular system, and implications for the management of patients after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection.
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