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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Coherent atomic mirror formed by randomly distributed ions inside a crystal.

Arindam Nandi, Haechan An, Mahdi Hosseini

|April 15, 2021

Summary

Scientists created a periodic atomic array from random atoms in a crystal using light. This enabled observing collective atomic resonances and significant coherent backscattering of light, demonstrating a new method for controlling atomic interactions.

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Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

$On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature$

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Published on: March 11, 2022

A Sample Preparation Pipeline for Microcrystals at the VMXm Beamline

A Sample Preparation Pipeline for Microcrystals at the VMXm Beamline

Published on: June 17, 2021

Area of Science:

Atomic physics
Solid-state physics
Quantum optics

Background:

The spatial arrangement of atoms influences their interactions with light.
Controlling atomic distribution is key for advanced optical phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate spatio-spectral tailoring of atomic absorption for creating ordered structures from disordered atomic ensembles.
To investigate collective atomic resonances and coherent backscattering in rare-earth-doped crystals.

Main Methods:

Spatio-spectral tailoring of atomic absorption.
Utilizing solid-state crystals with rare-earth-doped atoms (e.g., Er ions).
Measuring coherent backscattering of light at telecom wavelengths.

Main Results:

Successfully carved a periodic array from randomly distributed atoms within a crystal.
Observed collective atomic resonances.
Achieved significant coherent backscattering (up to 20%) from Er ions.
Demonstrated an effective array with over 5000 atomic centers.

Conclusions:

Spatio-spectral tailoring is an effective method for creating ordered atomic arrays from disordered systems.
Coherent backscattering and collective resonances are observable phenomena in these engineered atomic structures.
This technique offers potential for applications in quantum optics and photonics using rare-earth-doped materials.