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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Scanning Compton X-ray microscopy.

P Villanueva-Perez, H Fleckenstein, M Prasciolu

    Optics Letters
    |April 15, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new scanning Compton X-ray microscopy (SCXM) technique that uses scattered photons to image radiosensitive materials with minimal radiation damage. This radio-efficient microscope enables nanoscale exploration of unstained, unsectioned samples.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Microscopy
    • Physics

    Background:

    • X-ray microscopy bridges optical and electron microscopy for imaging biological and radiosensitive materials without special preparation.
    • Radiation damage, not intrinsic resolution, limits X-ray microscopy performance on radiosensitive samples.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel, radio-efficient microscope, scanning Compton X-ray microscopy (SCXM).
    • To minimize deposited energy per unit mass for imaging signal in radiosensitive materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of SCXM using lenses to focus 60 keV X-ray photons to sub-micrometer scale.
    • Utilizing coherently and incoherently (Compton) scattered photons for imaging.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of a novel, radio-efficient SCXM technique.
    • Probing the radio-efficient capabilities of SCXM at the nanoscale.

    Conclusions:

    • SCXM minimizes radiation damage, enabling imaging of unstained, unsectioned, and undamaged radiosensitive materials.
    • Future implementation in high-energy diffraction-limited storage rings will advance nanoscale exploration of sensitive materials.