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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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High-Order Interdependencies in the Aging Brain.

Marilyn Gatica1,2, Rodrigo Cofré3, Pedro A M Mediano4

  • 1Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.

Brain Connectivity
|April 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging brains show increased redundancy in functional connectivity, particularly in prefrontal and motor cortices. This suggests less diverse brain activity in older adults, impacting cognitive functions like working memory and executive control.

Keywords:
agingfunctional magnetic resonance imaginghigh-order interactionsredundancyresting statesynergy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Information Theory
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Brain interdependencies are studied via structural or functional connectivity (FC).
  • Most FC analyses focus on pairwise statistics, neglecting higher-order interactions.
  • O-Information quantifies statistical synergy and redundancy in groups of three or more variables.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how age affects high-order statistical interdependencies in brain functional connectivity.
  • Utilize O-Information to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data across a wide age range.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed resting-state fMRI data from 164 healthy subjects (ages 10-80).
  • Applied O-Information to assess higher-order statistical interdependencies.
  • Examined age-related changes in brain functional redundancy and synergy.

Main Results:

  • Older participants (60-80 years) showed a predominance of redundant dependencies compared to younger individuals.
  • This age-related redundancy was observed across all interaction orders.
  • A 'redundancy core' in prefrontal and motor cortices exhibited redundancy at all studied interaction orders.

Conclusions:

  • High-order interdependencies in fMRI data reveal dominant redundancy in brain functions related to working memory, executive, and motor control.
  • Aging is associated with increased functional redundancy in the brain.
  • The identified 'redundancy core' may explain age-related cognitive impairments.