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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

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The Lichens' Microbiota, Still a Mystery?

Maria Grimm1, Martin Grube2, Ulf Schiefelbein3

  • 1Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Lichens form vital symbioses, with *Lobaria pulmonaria* showcasing a complex partnership. Recent studies reveal an integrated bacterial microbiome crucial for lichen health, growth, and fitness.

Keywords:
Lobaria pulmonarialichen-associated bacterialichensmicrobiomeomicssymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Symbiotic relationships in nature
  • Ecology and environmental science
  • Mycology and phycology

Background:

  • Lichens are self-supporting symbioses critical for global ecosystems.
  • The model species *Lobaria pulmonaria* is sensitive to environmental changes.
  • Lichen structure involves a mycobiont, photobiont, and cyanobiont.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review lichen symbiosis, focusing on *Lobaria pulmonaria*.
  • To investigate the role of the bacterial community in lichen symbiosis.
  • To understand functional partitioning and microbiome contributions.

Main Methods:

  • Metaproteome analysis
  • Metagenomics and community fingerprinting
  • Metatranscriptomics

Main Results:

  • Metaproteomics confirms functional partitioning between symbionts.
  • Bacterial communities are abundant and integrated into the lichen.
  • A stable core microbiome and site-specific variations were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The bacterial microbiome plays a significant role in lichen health and fitness.
  • Functional diversity of the mycobiont contrasts with the photobiont's energy production and cyanobiont's nitrogen fixation.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is key to lichen conservation.