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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter theory
  • High-energy physics

Background:

  • Disorder-free localization (DFL) breaks ergodicity in low-dimensional lattice gauge theories via gauge invariance constraints.
  • Many-body localization (MBL) is unstable in 2D, posing challenges for understanding localization in higher dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that interacting systems in two spatial dimensions can exhibit nonergodic behavior due to DFL.
  • To establish gauge invariance as a robust alternative localization mechanism in higher dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the quantum link model to show nonergodic behavior.
  • Employed a classical correlated percolation problem to bound the localization-delocalization transition.
  • Introduced variational classical networks for efficient wave function representation.
  • Analyzed the dynamics of line defects to distinguish phases.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated nonergodic behavior in a 2D interacting quantum link model.
  • Identified Hilbert space fragmentation on the nonergodic side of the transition.
  • Observed distinct light cone structures for line defect propagation in localized and ergodic phases.

Conclusions:

  • Gauge invariance provides a robust mechanism for nonergodic behavior in interacting 2D systems, overcoming limitations of MBL.
  • The developed methods, including variational classical networks, are applicable to various lattice gauge theories.
  • This work offers new insights into localization phenomena in quantum many-body systems.