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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Mitochondrial state determines functionally divergent stem cell population in planaria.

Mohamed Mohamed Haroon1, Vairavan Lakshmanan1, Souradeep R Sarkar2

  • 1Integrative Chemical Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India; SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India.

Stem Cell Reports
|April 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planarian pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) possess low mitochondrial mass, a key indicator for identifying and isolating these regenerative cells. This finding reveals a conserved mechanism in stem cell biology and regeneration.

Keywords:
FACSdifferentiationmitochondrianeoblastsplanariapluripotencystem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Mitochondrial metabolism
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Mitochondrial state is crucial for stem cell function, but variations in mitochondrial content and their impact on differentiation remain unclear.
  • Understanding these variations is essential for advancing stem cell therapies and regenerative biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mitochondrial mass in planarian pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).
  • To establish a method for isolating functionally active PSCs based on their mitochondrial content.

Main Methods:

  • Cellular and molecular studies were employed to analyze mitochondrial mass in planarian stem cells.
  • Transplantation experiments were conducted for functional validation of PSCs.
  • Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) levels were assessed, and metabolic transitions were inhibited in cultured cells.

Main Results:

  • Planarian PSCs exhibit significantly lower mitochondrial mass compared to their progenitors.
  • Low mitochondrial mass is a defining characteristic of functional PSCs, validated through transplantation.
  • Mitochondrial mass positively correlates with oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos).
  • Inhibiting the shift to OxPhos-dependent metabolism increased PSC populations in cultured cells.

Conclusions:

  • Low mitochondrial mass serves as a hallmark for identifying planarian PSCs.
  • A novel method allows for the isolation of live, functionally active PSCs across various cell cycle stages.
  • The study highlights the conserved role of altered mitochondrial metabolism in PSCs and its significance in organismal regeneration.