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Deterministic model of battery, uphill currents, and nonequilibrium phase transitions
Emilio N M Cirillo1, Matteo Colangeli2, Omar Richardson3
1Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, I-00161, Rome, Italy.
Physical Review. E
|April 17, 2021
Summary
This study models a deterministic battery using point particles in a closed loop. Non-equilibrium phase transitions induce a stationary current by tuning particle interactions and channel dynamics.
Area of Science:
- Statistical Mechanics
- Nonlinear Dynamics
- Computational Physics
Background:
- Understanding emergent phenomena in complex systems is crucial.
- Deterministic models can exhibit complex behaviors typically associated with stochastic systems.
- Simulating particle dynamics in confined geometries reveals fundamental physical principles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate non-equilibrium phase transitions in a deterministic particle system.
- To model a functional battery-like system using particle dynamics.
- To explore the emergence of a stationary current in a closed-loop system.
Main Methods:
- Simulating point particle behavior in a custom-designed table with circular cavities and rectangular channels.
- Implementing a bounce-back mechanism in one channel based on particle flow thresholds.
- Analyzing system dynamics under periodic boundary conditions and varying parameters (cavity/channel sizes, threshold T).
Main Results:
- Demonstrated non-equilibrium phase transitions in the N→∞ limit.
- Observed the induction of a stationary current within the circuit.
- Showcased the system's ability to model a battery, despite being deterministic, conservative, and time-reversal invariant.
Conclusions:
- Deterministic, conservative, and time-reversal invariant systems can exhibit non-equilibrium phase transitions.
- The proposed model successfully simulates a battery-like behavior through emergent particle currents.
- Parameter tuning is key to inducing and controlling these emergent phenomena.
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