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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

824
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
824
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

349
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
349
Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

1.1K
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
1.1K
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

333
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
333
Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range

470
Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
470
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

390
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
390

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

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Evolution of granular materials under isochoric cyclic simple shearing.

Ming Yang1, Mahdi Taiebat1, Patrick Mutabaruka2

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T1L7, Canada.

Physical Review. E
|April 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Granular materials under cyclic shearing liquefy, exhibiting jamming-unjamming cycles. This involves network collapse, strength loss, and irreversible strain accumulation, crucial for soil and suspension behavior.

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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Physics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors under cyclic loading, including liquefaction.
  • Understanding microstructure evolution is key to predicting macroscopic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the microstructure of granular materials during isochoric cyclic shearing.
  • To investigate the jamming-unjamming transition and its relation to network properties.

Main Methods:

  • 3D particle dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of particle connectivity, force transmission, and network anisotropies.

Main Results:

  • Simulations reproduce key features of granular cyclic behavior and liquefaction.
  • Liquefaction onset correlates with force network collapse and coordination number drop.
  • Jamming transition occurs at a critical coordination number, independent of initial conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the microstructural mechanisms driving liquefaction in granular materials.
  • Findings offer insights into soil liquefaction and dense suspension rheology.