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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function

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Published on: November 21, 2015

An improved Solardome system for exposing plants to elevated CO₂ and temperature.

C R Rafarel¹, T W Ashenden¹, T M Roberts²

¹Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor Research Unit, UWB, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UP, UK.

The New Phytologist

|April 17, 2021

Summary

This study details a computer-controlled Solardome facility for researching plant responses to CO2 and temperature changes. The system demonstrated effective environmental control, crucial for climate change impact studies.

Keywords:

Exposure system Solardome climate change elevated CCX elevated temperature

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Published on: January 16, 2014

Area of Science:

Plant science
Environmental science
Agricultural engineering

Background:

Ventilated Solardomes have been utilized for two decades to investigate the impact of gaseous pollutants on plants.
Previous research established Solardomes for pollutant studies, necessitating adaptation for climate change research.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a computer-operated facility designed for studying the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature regimes on plants.
To evaluate the facility's effectiveness in controlling environmental parameters for controlled plant experiments.

Main Methods:

Eight Solardome chambers were configured for factorial design experiments.
Treatments included two levels of CO2 (ambient and ambient + 340 ppmv) and two temperature levels (ambient and ambient + 3 °C), with two replicates each.
Environmental conditions within chambers were monitored over a two-year period.

Main Results:

The facility achieved highly effective control of CO2 and temperature regimes.
Despite UV-B transmitting glass, photosynthetically active region (PAR) irradiance was reduced by 18% within the domes.
Temperature variations increased with higher photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) were higher in elevated temperature domes.

Conclusions:

The Solardome facility provides precise control over CO2 and temperature, essential for climate change impact research.
The facility is suitable for studying the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems, as demonstrated by its use in the UK TIGER program.