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Physiological, developmental, and behavioral plasticity in response to thermal acclimation.

Xiao L Fan1, Zhi H Lin1, Brett R Scheffers2

  • 1Department of Ecology and Biological Resources, Lishui University, LS, 323000, China.

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Summary

Climate change impacts frog physiology and development. Acclimation temperature altered thermal tolerance and body size, but not temperature preference, highlighting complex adaptation challenges.

Keywords:
Bufo gargarizansClimate changeTadpoleThermal acclimationThermal preferenceThermal tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Climate change necessitates understanding species' adaptive capacities.
  • Organisms exhibit physiological, developmental, and behavioral plasticity in response to environmental shifts.
  • Complex life cycles can amplify phenotypic responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of thermal acclimation on multiple phenotypes in the model frog, Bufo gargarizans.
  • To assess responses in thermal tolerance limits (CTmin and CTmax), ontogeny, and temperature preference (Tpref).
  • To explore how these phenotypes interact under varying thermal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Acclimating Bufo gargarizans across a temperature range (10°C to 30°C).
  • Measuring critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax).
  • Assessing ontogenetic development, body size, and behavioral temperature selection (Tpref).

Main Results:

  • Acclimation temperature significantly influenced CTmin and CTmax, increasing tolerance limits by approximately 10% per 1°C rise in exposure.
  • Development and body size were affected by acclimation temperature, influencing lower thermal limits.
  • Temperature preference (Tpref) in tadpoles showed little response to acclimation but strong behavioral selection for an optimal temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple phenotypes, including thermal tolerance and development, respond to thermal acclimation in complex life-cycle organisms.
  • Estimating climate vulnerability requires considering the interplay of various phenotypic responses.
  • The study underscores the challenges in predicting species' adaptation to climate change due to interacting plastic traits.