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The allometry of locomotion.

Carl S Cloyed1,2,3, John M Grady1, Van M Savage4

  • 1National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, East Alton, Illinois, 62024, USA.

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|April 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Organismal locomotion, influenced by body size and environment, shows universal scaling laws. Larger animals are faster but less agile, revealing general movement principles across diverse species.

Keywords:
accelerationangular speedanimal movementlocomotor performancemaneuverabilitypredator-prey interactionsspeed

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biomechanics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Organismal locomotion is crucial for ecological interactions and community dynamics.
  • Locomotion is influenced by intrinsic (e.g., body size) and environmental factors.
  • Integrating these factors is key to understanding locomotion's ecological impact across scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend general theory based on metabolic scaling and biomechanics.
  • To predict the scaling of five locomotor performance traits: routine speed, maximum speed, maximum acceleration, minimum powered turn radius, and angular speed.
  • To test these predictions using phylogenetically informed analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetically informed analyses of a new database.
  • Database comprises 884 species.
  • Quantitative predictions of locomotor performance traits were tested.

Main Results:

  • Larger organisms were faster but less maneuverable than smaller organisms.
  • Routine and maximum speeds scaled with body mass (0.20 and 0.17 powers, respectively), plateauing at higher masses.
  • Acceleration was unaffected by body mass; turn radius scaled to a 0.19 power; angular speed scaled higher than predicted.

Conclusions:

  • Universal scaling laws govern organismal locomotion across different modes (flying, swimming, running).
  • Locomotor performance varies with body size, mode, and habitat complexity.
  • These findings reveal general principles of how organisms move across diverse environments.