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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Population-scale tissue transcriptomics maps long non-coding RNAs to complex disease.

Olivia M de Goede1, Daniel C Nachun2, Nicole M Ferraro3

  • 1Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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|April 17, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified disease-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes using genetic and gene expression data. Many identified lncRNA gene-trait links were independent of protein-coding genes, revealing novel biological insights.

Keywords:
GTExco-expressioncolocalizationcomplex traitdiseaseeQTLexpression quantitative trait locilncRNAlong non-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in cellular functions.
  • Identifying disease-relevant lncRNAs among thousands remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically characterize lncRNA genes for disease and trait relevance.
  • To profile expression, genetic regulation, cellular contexts, and trait associations of lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) project v8 data.
  • Analyzed genetic and multi-tissue transcriptomic data for 14,100 lncRNA genes.
  • Examined associations across 49 tissues and 101 complex genetic traits.

Main Results:

  • Identified 1,432 lncRNA gene-trait associations.
  • Found 800 associations independent of stronger effects from neighboring protein-coding genes.
  • Linked lncRNA quantitative trait loci to inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and coronary artery disease; found rare variant associations to body mass index.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a comprehensive resource for lncRNA gene-trait associations.
  • Highlights the independent contribution of lncRNAs to complex human traits and diseases.
  • Offers new avenues for understanding the genetic basis of common diseases.