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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

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Published on: July 19, 2017

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Anxiety increases sensitivity to errors and negative feedback over time.

Margaret R Tobias1, Tiffany A Ito1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.

Biological Psychology
|April 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anxiety increases neural sensitivity to negative performance cues over time, particularly in women. This suggests feedback- and error-related negativity (FRN/ERN) can indicate persistent anxiety, but not consistently depression.

Keywords:
AnxietyDepressionERNERPsError related negativityEvent-related potentialsFRNFeedback related negativityMultilevel modelingPerformance monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Anxiety involves heightened sensitivity to negative information, impacting cognitive processes.
  • Neural markers like feedback- and error-related negativity (FRN/ERN) reflect performance monitoring.
  • Existing research suggests links between anxiety, cognitive biases, and neural responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if anxiety is linked to persistent neural sensitivity to negative performance markers.
  • To examine the temporal dynamics of neural responses (FRN/ERN) in relation to anxiety levels.
  • To explore similar associations for depression and performance monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to measure neural responses (FRN/ERN) in 273 participants.
  • Analyzed neural sensitivity to negative feedback and errors over the course of a task.
  • Correlated anxiety and depression scores with neural measures.

Main Results:

  • Higher anxiety levels were associated with increased neural responses to negative feedback and errors as the task progressed.
  • This effect was particularly pronounced in women.
  • Associations between depression and performance monitoring (FRN/ERN) were inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • Neural sensitivity to negative performance markers, as reflected by FRN/ERN, may serve as a biomarker for anxiety, especially considering its persistence over time.
  • Anxiety appears to intensify reactions to negative cues.
  • Depression is not consistently related to performance monitoring in this context.