Anemia as a Problem: GEH Approach

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Hematology

Background:

• Anemia affects approximately 5% of the global adult population.
• Gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases are frequent causes of anemia.
• Patients with anemia are commonly referred to gastroenterologists.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the gastroenterological approach to diagnosing anemia.
• To emphasize the importance of a strategic and timely diagnostic process.
• To highlight areas for improvement in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Review of common causes of anemia related to GI and liver conditions.
• Discussion of diagnostic tools including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy.
• Consideration of various pathophysiological mechanisms: chronic bleeding, malabsorption, and inflammation.

Main Results:

• Iron deficiency anemia and combined forms are most common.
• Bidirectional endoscopy is recommended for asymptomatic anemic patients.
• GI malignancies are a primary cause of chronic bleeding, but other conditions must be considered.

Conclusions:

• The clinical spectrum of anemia from a gastroenterological perspective is broad.
• An optimal diagnostic strategy requires considering clinical signs and ensuring rapid diagnosis.
• Current diagnostic approaches in clinical practice need enhancement.