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Related Concept Videos

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Malignant syndromes: current advances.

Minghua Tao1, Jiyuan Li2, Xuefeng Wang1

  • 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant syndromes, often induced by antipsychotics or anesthetics, share symptoms like hyperpyrexia and rigidity. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes in these rare but life-threatening conditions.

Keywords:
Malignant syndromeanestheticanti-parkinson drugantipsychoticsdiagnosishyperthermiatherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Malignant syndromes are rare but serious adverse drug reactions.
  • Commonly associated with antipsychotics, anesthetics, and anti-Parkinson drug withdrawal.
  • Clinical presentations can be easily confused, necessitating clear diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive literature review of malignant syndromes.
  • To offer guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of these syndromes.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing these critical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of articles published from 1960 to April 2021.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies.
  • Focus on differentiating between antipsychotic, anesthetic, and anti-Parkinson drug-induced syndromes.

Main Results:

  • Identified typical clinical manifestations: hyperpyrexia, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and elevated creatine kinase.
  • Highlighted significant differences in pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis among various malignant syndromes.
  • Emphasized the diagnostic challenge due to overlapping symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Malignant syndromes, despite low incidence, are rapidly progressing and life-threatening.
  • Early recognition and intervention are vital for improving patient prognosis.
  • Distinguishing between different types of malignant syndromes is essential for targeted management.