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Polio switch strategy: An obituary in the making?
M S Mustafa1, V Rastogi2, P M P Singh3
1Officer Commanding, Station Health Organisation (Large), Chennai, India.
Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|April 19, 2021
Summary
India is transitioning from the oral polio vaccine (OPV) to the injectable polio vaccine (IPV) to prevent vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. This strategic shift aims to eradicate polio globally by phasing out OPV and enhancing surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Vaccinology
- Infectious Disease Control
Background:
- India achieved polio-free status in 2014, previously relying on the oral polio vaccine (OPV).
- The live nature of OPV carries a risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.
- The global Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan (2013-2018) guides the transition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the strategic replacement of OPV with the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in India.
- To outline the phased approach for polio vaccine cessation and IPV introduction.
- To address community concerns and ensure successful vaccine transition.
Main Methods:
- Global switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) initiated in April 2016.
- Withdrawal of tOPV vials and introduction of IPV.
- Planned cessation of OPV and final transition to IPV by 2018-2019.
Main Results:
- The strategic switch from tOPV to bOPV has been implemented globally.
- IPV has been introduced as part of the endgame strategy.
- The transition aims to eliminate the risk of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.
Conclusions:
- The vaccine switch is a critical step towards global polio eradication.
- Addressing community fears, ensuring proper vaccine disposal, and training vaccinators are crucial.
- Sustained surveillance and community participation are vital for preventing polio re-emergence.
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