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Related Concept Videos

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Modeling Type 1 Diabetes Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology.

Kriti Joshi1,2,3, Fergus Cameron3,4,5, Swasti Tiwari2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Creating in vitro models for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is challenging due to its complexity. This review outlines an ideal model using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and other cell sources to study T1D pathogenesis.

Keywords:
T cell receptorT cellsantigen presenting cellsinduced pluripotent stem cellsmacrophagestype 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology excels at modeling monogenic disorders.
  • Complex autoimmune diseases like Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) present significant modeling challenges due to polygenic inheritance, environmental factors, and multiple contributing cell types.
  • HLA matching is crucial for modeling T1D pathogenesis, necessitating models that account for genetic background and cell interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize an ideal in vitro model for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).
  • To discuss the feasibility of assembling such a model using existing technologies.
  • To explore the potential applications of advanced T1D models in understanding disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current iPSC technology and its limitations for complex disease modeling.
  • Conceptual design of a multi-lineage in vitro system for T1D.
  • Integration of in vitro and in vivo derived cells, considering genetic background and environmental triggers.

Main Results:

  • Monogenic disorder modeling using iPSCs is well-established.
  • Complex diseases like T1D require sophisticated models integrating multiple cell types and environmental factors.
  • Existing technologies can be leveraged to build advanced T1D models.

Conclusions:

  • Developing an ideal in vitro T1D model requires a system that considers genetic background, facilitates multi-lineage cell interactions, and incorporates environmental triggers.
  • Combining iPSC-derived cells with other cell sources is likely necessary for comprehensive T1D modeling.
  • Such models hold significant promise for advancing our understanding of T1D mechanisms and developing new therapies.