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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Laser pulse bidirectional reflectance from CALIPSO mission.

Xiaomei Lu1,2, Yongxiang Hu2, Yuekui Yang3

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Summary

This study introduces a new method to convert CALIOP lidar data into surface bidirectional reflectance. This innovation enhances land surface analysis and complements existing satellite data for improved modeling applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Observation
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIOP) provides valuable data on atmospheric and surface properties.
  • Analyzing CALIOP land surface laser pulse returns requires specialized methods to derive surface bidirectional reflectance.
  • Existing satellite data products may benefit from enhanced surface reflectance information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present an innovative retrieval method for translating CALIOP land surface laser pulse returns into surface bidirectional reflectance.
  • To analyze CALIOP receiver impulse response and sample distribution for improved surface return analysis.
  • To recover saturated laser pulse returns from snow and ice surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel retrieval algorithm to convert CALIOP lidar returns to surface bidirectional reflectance.
  • Analysis of CALIOP receiver impulse response and 30 m resolution data distribution.
  • Utilizing surface tail information to recover saturated laser pulse returns from snow and ice.
  • Calculation of column top-of-atmosphere bidirectional reflectance from CALIOP lidar background data.

Main Results:

  • Successfully retrieved surface bidirectional reflectance from CALIOP land surface laser pulse returns.
  • Recovered saturated laser pulse returns from snow and ice surfaces using surface tail information.
  • Validated retrieved snow surface bidirectional reflectance against CALIOP cloud cover regions and MODIS BRDF/Albedo model parameters.
  • Calculated and compared column top-of-atmosphere bidirectional reflectance with WFC radiance measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed retrieval method provides accurate surface bidirectional reflectance from CALIOP data.
  • The retrieved reflectance data offers unique information to complement MODIS standard products.
  • The findings have significant value for remote sensing modelers and Earth observation applications.