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Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein Kinase: A Potential Master Puppeteer of Oxidative Stress-Induced Metabolic

Marguerite Blignaut1, Sarah Harries1, Amanda Lochner1

  • 1Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
|April 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein kinase regulates metabolic homeostasis. It controls cellular recycling processes like autophagy, mitophagy, and aggrephagy, particularly under oxidative stress.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Metabolic Homeostasis

Background:

  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein kinase is recognized for its role in DNA damage repair.
  • Emerging evidence highlights ATM's crucial function in the cytosol, independent of DNA damage.
  • ATM regulates cellular recycling pathways, including general and selective autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of ATM in cellular homeostasis.
  • To explore ATM's function in autophagy, mitophagy, pexophagy, and aggrephagy.
  • To discuss the activation of ATM by oxidative stress and its role as a master regulator.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ATM's function in cellular recycling.
  • Analysis of ATM's role in response to oxidative stress.
  • Examination of ATM's involvement in clearing damaged organelles and protein aggregates.

Main Results:

  • ATM plays a central role in macroautophagy and selective autophagy (mitophagy, pexophagy).
  • Oxidative stress activates ATM in the cytosol, promoting the clearance of damaged mitochondria and peroxisomes.
  • ATM activation is critical for the removal of protein aggregates; impaired activation leads to aggregate accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • ATM acts as a key regulator of cellular recycling pathways, including autophagy, mitophagy, pexophagy, and aggrephagy.
  • Oxidative stress is a significant activator of cytosolic ATM, linking it to the management of cellular damage.
  • ATM's diverse roles underscore its potential as a master regulator of cellular homeostasis and stress response.

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