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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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StopWatch: Pilot study for an Apple Watch application for youth with ADHD.

John E Leikauf1, Carlos Correa2, Andrew N Bueno1

  • 1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Digital Health
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new wearable device application shows promise for managing attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young people. The study found significant improvements in ADHD symptoms over six weeks using the app for feedback on movement during focus periods.

Keywords:
ADHDApple Watchactigraphyattentiondigital healthmovementwearable

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Area of Science:

  • Digital health interventions
  • Wearable technology in healthcare
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders

Background:

  • Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires scalable, non-pharmacologic management strategies for youth.
  • Wearable devices offer potential for real-time feedback and intervention.
  • Existing ADHD management often relies on medication or traditional therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel Apple Watch application designed for ADHD symptom management.
  • To assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a wearable-based intervention for ADHD.
  • To explore the use of actigraphy and haptic feedback for ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A six-week, open-label pilot study involving 32 participants.
  • Utilized a custom Apple Watch application with actigraphy and feedback mechanisms.
  • Employed ADHD rating scales and qualitative interviews for data collection.
  • Analyzed data using linear mixed models to determine symptom trajectories.

Main Results:

  • The wearable application was associated with significant improvement in ADHD symptoms over the study period.
  • Observed a mean ADHD-Rating Scale change of -1.2 units per week (P=.0004).
  • Participants provided qualitative feedback on the application's usability and perceived benefits.

Conclusions:

  • The developed wearable application demonstrates potential as a tool for managing ADHD in young individuals.
  • Positive clinical outcomes suggest further development and larger trials are warranted.
  • Wearable technology presents a promising avenue for scalable, non-pharmacologic ADHD interventions.