Visual Sequelae of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Public Health
• Digital Health

Background:

• Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is increasingly prevalent among students due to prolonged digital screen use.
• Understanding the ocular and visual impacts of CVS is crucial for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate visual, ocular, extraocular, and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) outcomes in medical students experiencing CVS.
• To identify risk factors and prevalence of CVS in a medical student population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional case-control study involving 733 medical students using the validated CVS-F3 questionnaire.
• Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp, intraocular pressure, pupillary reflexes, ocular movements, dry eye tests, fundus, and mfERG examinations were performed.

Main Results:

• The CVS-F3 survey indicated potential CVS in 87.9% of students, with a 76% prevalence confirmed by ophthalmologic exams.
• Common complaints included visual blur and headache. Refractive errors, prolonged screen time, and poor screen ergonomics were identified as significant risk factors.
• A subgroup analysis revealed that 42.5% of students with CVS showed reduced mfERG amplitudes, suggesting impaired foveal responses.

Conclusions:

• While surveys aid in identifying at-risk individuals, comprehensive ophthalmic assessment is necessary for accurate CVS diagnosis.
• Smartphone misuse is a primary driver of CVS in this population.
• The observed mfERG changes may represent potential visual sequelae of CVS, necessitating further research and clinical awareness for appropriate management.