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Spinal Injury Associated With Firearm Use.

Randall T Loder1, Abhipri Mishra2, Bradley Atoa2

  • 1Orthopaedic Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, USA.

Cureus
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Firearm spinal injuries are a significant health burden, with over 10,000 cases recorded between 1993-2015. These injuries, often from handguns during assaults, disproportionately affect males and are linked to higher hospital admission and drug involvement rates.

Keywords:
cervicaldemographicsfirearminjurylumbarneurologic injuryspinethoracic

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Firearm injuries represent a substantial public health concern.
  • Comprehensive data on spinal injuries from firearms across a large population is lacking.
  • Understanding the demographics and patterns of these injuries is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the demographics of spinal firearm injuries in the United States.
  • To provide comprehensive data on all age groups using a national database.
  • To establish baseline data for future research on firearm-related spinal trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of prospectively collected data from the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (1993-2015).
  • Statistical analysis of demographic variables using SUDAAN software, accounting for data weighting and stratification.
  • Inclusion of all ages to provide a comprehensive national overview.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 10,296 (0.4%) of 2.6 million firearm-related emergency department visits involved the spine.
  • Spinal injury patients were more likely to be male, victims of assault, handgun-related incidents, hospitalized, and treated in urban settings.
  • Fractures occurred in 91.8%, with 33% experiencing neurologic injury; thoracic spine injuries had the highest neurologic involvement (50.4%).
  • Spinal firearm injuries showed a significant annual increase from 1997 onwards (10.3%), far exceeding the increase in non-spinal injuries.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides essential baseline data on spinal firearm injuries across the US population.
  • Findings highlight the severity, demographic patterns, and increasing incidence of these injuries.
  • Reducing incidence may be challenging due to complex sociopolitical factors, including socioeconomic status and gun control debates.