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Advances in Research on the Cardiovascular Complications of Acromegaly

Han Yang1,2, Huiwen Tan1, He Huang3

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Acromegaly patients face high risks of heart complications like hypertension and cardiomyopathy due to excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Early diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly can prevent heart disease and premature death.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Acromegaly, caused by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), frequently leads to cardiovascular complications.
  • These complications significantly increase mortality risk in affected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the cardiovascular complications associated with acromegaly.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and risk factors contributing to cardiac issues in acromegaly.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on acromegaly and cardiovascular complications.
  • Analysis of the characteristics of acromegalic cardiomyopathy, including biventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction.
  • Identification of key risk factors such as age, disease duration, and coexisting cardiovascular conditions.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension and cardiomyopathy are the predominant cardiovascular complications in acromegaly.
  • Acromegalic cardiomyopathy is characterized by concentric biventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction.
  • Arrhythmia and heart valve disease are also common, with pathophysiology linked to sustained GH and IGF-1 excess.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in acromegaly.
  • Factors like age, disease duration, and elevated GH/IGF-1 levels are critical.
  • Timely diagnosis and management of acromegaly are essential for mitigating cardiac risks and improving survival.

Keywords:
acromegalycardiac systolic and diastolic functioncardiomyopathyechocardiographyhypertension

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